Anatomy Flashcards

Which nerve is most commonly injured in a mid-shaft humeral fracture?

Answer: Radial nerve

The radial nerve runs in the spiral groove of the humerus and is vulnerable to injury in mid-shaft humeral fractures.

The hepatoduodenal ligament (portal triad) contains all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer: Hepatic vein

The hepatoduodenal ligament contains the portal vein, hepatic artery proper, and common bile duct; the hepatic vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava.

Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the vocal cords?

Answer: Posterior cricoarytenoid

The posterior cricoarytenoid is the only intrinsic laryngeal muscle that abducts the vocal cords by rotating the arytenoids laterally.

The inguinal (Hesselbach's) triangle is bounded by which three structures?

Answer: Inguinal ligament, rectus abdominis, inferior epigastric vessels

Hesselbach's triangle is bounded inferiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially by the rectus abdominis, and laterally by the inferior epigastric vessels.

Damage to the anterior horn cells at C3–C5 spinal levels would most likely produce:

Answer: Ipsilateral diaphragm paralysis

The phrenic nerve arises from C3–C5 and innervates the diaphragm; anterior horn cell damage at these levels causes ipsilateral diaphragmatic paralysis.

Which structure passes through the foramen ovale of the skull base?

Answer: CN V3 (mandibular nerve)

The mandibular nerve (CN V3) passes through the foramen ovale to exit the middle cranial fossa.

The renal hilum typically transmits structures in which anterior-to-posterior order?

Answer: Vein, artery, ureter

From anterior to posterior at the renal hilum, the order is renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis/ureter.