BCACP Clinical Literature Interpretation 4

Question 1

A case-control study compares patients with type 2 diabetes (cases) to those without (controls) regarding past antipsychotic use. What is the most appropriate measure of association?

Accepted Answer

Odds ratio

Answer

Odds ratio is used in case-control studies because incidence rates cannot be directly calculated from this design.

Question 2

Which pharmacoeconomic analysis determines the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained?

Accepted Answer

Cost-utility analysis

Answer

Cost-utility analysis incorporates patient preferences using QALYs to compare interventions.

Question 3

A forest plot in a meta-analysis shows most study diamonds to the left of the line of no effect. This suggests:

Accepted Answer

The intervention reduces the outcome compared to control

Answer

In a forest plot, estimates to the left of the null line indicate the intervention favors reduction of the measured outcome.

Question 4

An ambulatory care pharmacist evaluates a non-inferiority trial. What is the key element that defines whether non-inferiority was achieved?

Accepted Answer

The confidence interval for the treatment difference must not exceed the pre-specified non-inferiority margin

Answer

Non-inferiority is established when the upper confidence interval boundary does not cross the pre-defined non-inferiority margin.

Question 5

Which type of study is most susceptible to recall bias?

Accepted Answer

Case-control study

Answer

Case-control studies rely on participants recalling past exposures, making them vulnerable to recall bias.

BCACP - Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist Exam Practice Test

BCACP - Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist Exam Practice Test

BCACP Clinical Literature Interpretation 4