BCACP Clinical Literature Interpretation 2

Question 1

A randomized controlled trial reports a relative risk reduction (RRR) of 30% for a primary endpoint. The control event rate is 5%. What is the absolute risk reduction (ARR)?

Accepted Answer

1.5%

Answer

30%

Answer

5%

Answer

25%

Question 2

Which statistical test is most appropriate for comparing means across three or more independent groups in a clinical trial?

Accepted Answer

One-way ANOVA

Answer

Paired t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Pearson correlation

Question 3

A study uses an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Which statement best describes this approach?

Accepted Answer

All randomized patients are analyzed in their originally assigned groups regardless of protocol adherence

Answer

Only patients who completed the study are included

Answer

Patients are analyzed based on the treatment they actually received

Answer

Dropouts are excluded from the final analysis

Question 4

A meta-analysis reports an I² statistic of 75%. How should this be interpreted?

Accepted Answer

High heterogeneity exists among the included studies

Answer

75% of studies show statistical significance

Answer

The pooled effect is highly precise

Answer

Low heterogeneity exists among the included studies

Question 5

In a pharmacokinetic study, which parameter best describes the rate of drug elimination?

Accepted Answer

Elimination half-life

Answer

Volume of distribution

Answer

Bioavailability

Answer

Area under the curve (AUC)

Question 6

A clinical trial reports a p-value of 0.04 with a pre-specified alpha of 0.05. Which conclusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

The result is statistically significant; the null hypothesis is rejected

Answer

The result is clinically significant

Answer

The null hypothesis is accepted

Answer

The result is not statistically significant

Question 7

Which type of bias occurs when patients and investigators both know the treatment assignment in a clinical trial?

Accepted Answer

Performance bias

Answer

Attrition bias

Answer

Detection bias

Answer

Selection bias