Infectious Disease and Immunization Management Flashcards

A diabetic patient develops a foot infection with purulent drainage. Which organism is most commonly responsible for mild-to-moderate diabetic foot infections?

Answer: Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA, is the predominant pathogen in mild-to-moderate diabetic foot infections.

A 30-year-old woman presents with a second UTI in 6 months. She is otherwise healthy. Which strategy is evidence-based for recurrent UTI prevention?

Answer: Continuous daily prophylactic antibiotics or post-coital prophylaxis

Continuous low-dose prophylaxis or post-coital antibiotic prophylaxis are evidence-based strategies for reducing recurrent UTI frequency in women.

Which hepatitis B vaccination series is recommended for an unvaccinated 45-year-old adult in the US per current ACIP guidelines?

Answer: 2-dose Heplisav-B series or 3-dose Engerix-B/Recombivax series

ACIP recommends universal hepatitis B vaccination for all adults aged 19–59 and selected adults ≥60; Heplisav-B offers a convenient 2-dose option.

What is the purpose of providing Tdap (rather than Td) to adults who have not previously received it?

Answer: To protect against pertussis (whooping cough) in addition to tetanus and diphtheria

Tdap includes the pertussis component, which is important for reducing community transmission and protecting vulnerable contacts such as infants.

A patient with a penicillin allergy history (mild rash) needs treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis. What is the most appropriate antibiotic choice?

Answer: Azithromycin

Azithromycin is an appropriate alternative for strep pharyngitis in penicillin-allergic patients with low-risk reactions.

Which key counseling point should a pharmacist provide when dispensing oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for influenza?

Answer: It must be started within 48 hours of symptom onset to be effective

Oseltamivir reduces illness duration but must be initiated within 48 hours of symptom onset for optimal benefit.