BC ADM Fundamentals & Core Concepts 4

Question 1

The term 'incretin effect' describes which physiological phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Greater insulin secretion after oral glucose compared to an equivalent IV glucose load

Answer

The incretin effect refers to the amplified insulin secretion seen with oral vs. intravenous glucose due to gut-derived hormones GLP-1 and GIP.

Question 2

In maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), which gene mutation causes MODY 2, the mildest form?

Accepted Answer

Glucokinase (GCK)

Answer

MODY 2 is caused by glucokinase (GCK) mutations, resulting in a higher glucose threshold for insulin secretion and mild, stable fasting hyperglycemia.

Question 3

Hyperglycemia causes endothelial dysfunction primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Increased reactive oxygen species production that quenches nitric oxide

Answer

Excess glucose increases mitochondrial superoxide production, which quenches nitric oxide, impairing vasodilation and promoting endothelial dysfunction.

Question 4

Which of the following best defines 'brittle diabetes'?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes with recurrent unpredictable severe hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis disrupting daily life

Answer

Brittle diabetes refers to type 1 diabetes with extreme glycemic instability causing frequent severe episodes that substantially disrupt the patient's life.

Question 5

The polyol pathway contributes to diabetic complications by:

Accepted Answer

Consuming NADPH and depleting glutathione, increasing oxidative stress

Answer

The polyol pathway uses NADPH to reduce glucose to sorbitol, depleting glutathione antioxidant capacity and increasing cellular oxidative stress in diabetic tissues.

(BC ADM) Advanced Diabetes Management Certification Practice Test

(BC ADM) Advanced Diabetes Management Certification Practice Test

BC ADM Fundamentals & Core Concepts 4