B.S.W.E. Bachelor of Software Engineering Programming Languages & Paradigms 2

Question 1

What is polymorphism in object-oriented programming?

Accepted Answer

The ability of different objects to respond to the same interface in different ways

Answer

Polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated through a common interface, with each type providing its own implementation of the expected behavior.

Question 2

What is tail call optimization (TCO)?

Accepted Answer

An optimization that reuses the current stack frame for a call in tail position

Answer

TCO allows the runtime to reuse the current stack frame when a function call is in tail position, preventing stack overflow in deeply recursive programs.

Question 3

Which language feature allows algorithms and data structures to be written in a type-independent manner?

Accepted Answer

Generics (parametric polymorphism)

Answer

Generics let programmers write type-independent code that can operate on any specified type, as seen in Java's ArrayList<T> or C++ templates.

Question 4

What is a higher-order function?

Accepted Answer

A function that takes other functions as arguments or returns a function as a result

Answer

Higher-order functions treat functions as first-class values, enabling them to accept functions as parameters or return functions as output.

Question 5

What is the key distinction between pass-by-value and pass-by-reference parameter passing?

Accepted Answer

Pass-by-value passes a copy of the data; pass-by-reference passes the memory address of the data

Answer

Pass-by-value gives the function a copy of the data so the original is unaffected, while pass-by-reference passes the address so the function can modify the original variable.

B.S.W.E. Bachelor of Software Engineering Practice Test

B.S.W.E. Bachelor of Software Engineering Practice Test

B.S.W.E. Bachelor of Software Engineering Programming Languages & Paradigms 2