B.S.W.E. Bachelor of Software Engineering MCQ Flashcards

Which design pattern defines a one-to-many dependency so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified automatically?

Answer: Observer pattern

The Observer pattern establishes a publisher-subscriber relationship where dependents (observers) are automatically notified when the subject's state changes.

In Big-O notation, which time complexity describes an algorithm whose running time doubles with each additional element in the input?

Answer: O(2ⁿ)

O(2ⁿ) is exponential complexity, meaning each additional input element doubles the number of operations, as seen in naive recursive Fibonacci.

Which SQL command is used to remove all rows from a table while keeping the table structure intact?

Answer: TRUNCATE

TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table quickly without logging individual row deletions, but preserves the table schema.

In Agile development, what is a 'sprint retrospective'?

Answer: A team reflection on what worked and what to improve after a sprint

A sprint retrospective is a ceremony held after each sprint where the team discusses what went well, what did not, and how to improve the next sprint.

Which CPU scheduling algorithm can lead to starvation if high-priority processes continuously arrive?

Answer: Priority Scheduling

Priority Scheduling may starve low-priority processes indefinitely if higher-priority processes keep arriving before they get CPU time.

In software architecture, which pattern separates an application into three components: model, view, and controller?

Answer: MVC

The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern divides responsibilities into data (model), UI (view), and input handling (controller) for cleaner separation of concerns.

Which cryptographic concept ensures that a sender cannot later deny having sent a message?

Answer: Non-repudiation

Non-repudiation, often achieved via digital signatures, prevents a sender from denying they originated a message after the fact.