AWS Weld Metallurgy & Heat Treatment Flashcards
6 cards from real AWS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 AWS Weld Metallurgy & Heat Treatment flashcards as text
The heat-affected zone (HAZ) in welding is defined as:
Answer: The base metal area altered by welding heat without melting
The HAZ is the portion of the base metal that was not melted but whose microstructure and mechanical properties were altered by the heat of welding.
Martensite in steel welds is:
Answer: A hard, brittle phase formed by rapid cooling of austenite
Martensite is a hard, brittle microstructure that forms when austenite is cooled too rapidly, and can lead to cracking in the HAZ.
Carbon equivalent (CE) is used to predict:
Answer: The susceptibility of steel to hydrogen-induced cracking
Carbon equivalent is a formula combining carbon and other alloying elements to predict hardenability and susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking.
Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) in welds is most likely to occur:
Answer: After the weld has cooled below 150°C (300°F)
Hydrogen-induced cracking (cold cracking) typically occurs after the weld cools below 150°C because hydrogen diffuses to stress concentration areas as the metal becomes more brittle.
Austenite in steel exists:
Answer: At elevated temperatures in a face-centered cubic structure
Austenite is the high-temperature face-centered cubic (FCC) phase of steel that exists above the critical transformation temperature.
Solidification cracking in welds is primarily caused by:
Answer: Low-melting-point impurities segregating to grain boundaries during solidification
Solidification (hot) cracking occurs when low-melting-point impurities like sulfur and phosphorus segregate to grain boundaries and remain liquid as the surrounding metal solidifies and contracts.