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AWS Weld Metallurgy & Heat Treatment Flashcards

6 cards from real AWS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Heat input in welding is calculated using which formula?

    Answer: (Voltage × Amperage × 60) / Travel Speed

    Heat input (J/in) is calculated as (Voltage × Amperage × 60) / Travel Speed in inches per minute.

  2. Increasing travel speed in welding generally:

    Answer: Decreases heat input and narrows the HAZ

    Faster travel speed reduces heat input per unit length, resulting in a narrower HAZ and less distortion.

  3. Weld distortion is primarily caused by:

    Answer: Uneven heating and cooling creating differential thermal expansion and contraction

    Distortion results from uneven expansion during heating and contraction during cooling, which creates internal stresses that deform the workpiece.

  4. Backstep welding is a technique used to:

    Answer: Reduce distortion by controlling the sequence of weld deposits

    Backstep welding involves making short weld segments in a direction opposite to the overall progress, which helps distribute heat more evenly and reduce distortion.

  5. Peening a weld bead is done to:

    Answer: Introduce compressive stresses to counteract tensile shrinkage stresses

    Peening plastically deforms the weld bead, introducing compressive stresses that help offset the tensile residual stresses caused by weld shrinkage.

  6. Which welding sequence is MOST effective for minimizing angular distortion in a butt weld?

    Answer: Using a balanced welding sequence, alternating passes on each side

    Balanced welding, alternating passes between both sides of the joint, distributes shrinkage forces symmetrically and minimizes angular distortion.