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AWS Metallurgy & Materials Flashcards

6 cards from real AWS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the purpose of Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)?

    Answer: To relieve residual stresses and temper hard microstructures

    PWHT reduces residual stresses, improves toughness, and tempers hardened zones in the weld and HAZ.

  2. Which test is commonly used to evaluate the toughness (notch impact energy) of a weld metal at low temperatures?

    Answer: Charpy V-notch impact test

    The Charpy V-notch impact test measures absorbed energy to assess toughness, especially at low temperatures.

  3. In welding metallurgy, what is 'sensitization' associated with in austenitic stainless steel?

    Answer: Chromium carbide precipitation at grain boundaries, depleting chromium from the grain boundary region

    Sensitization occurs when chromium carbides precipitate at grain boundaries, creating chromium-depleted zones susceptible to intergranular corrosion.

  4. What does the carbon equivalent (CE) formula help predict?

    Answer: The susceptibility of steel to hydrogen-induced cracking

    The carbon equivalent (CE) formula estimates a steel's hardenability and its susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking.

  5. Which microstructure in the HAZ of steel welds is most susceptible to hydrogen-assisted cracking?

    Answer: Martensite

    Martensite's high hardness and brittleness make it the microstructure most susceptible to hydrogen-assisted cracking.

  6. Aluminum alloys are generally more difficult to weld than mild steel primarily because of:

    Answer: The stable oxide layer (Al₂O₃) that reforms instantly

    Aluminum's tenacious oxide layer (Al₂O₃) has a much higher melting point than the base metal and must be removed during welding.