Adult Learning Theory & Andragogy Flashcards

Which learning theory holds that learners actively construct knowledge through interaction with their environment rather than passively receiving information?

Answer: Constructivism

Constructivism, associated with theorists like Piaget and Vygotsky, holds that learners build their own understanding by connecting new information to prior knowledge and experience.

According to Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction, which event should occur FIRST to begin effective instruction?

Answer: Gain attention

Gagne's first event is 'Gaining Attention' — the trainer must capture learners' attention before any instruction can be effective, often through a surprising fact, question, or demonstration.

What is 'metacognition' in the context of adult learning?

Answer: Learners' awareness and regulation of their own thinking and learning processes

Metacognition refers to 'thinking about thinking' — learners' ability to monitor, evaluate, and regulate their own cognitive processes and learning strategies.

In adult learning theory, 'transfer of learning' refers to:

Answer: The application of knowledge and skills learned in training to the actual work environment

Transfer of learning is the degree to which learners effectively apply what they learned in training to their job performance, which is the ultimate goal of workplace training.

Which of the following is NOT one of Knowles' six core assumptions about adult learners?

Answer: Adults prefer memorization over application

Knowles' six assumptions do not include a preference for memorization; in fact, they emphasize problem-centered and application-oriented learning, not rote memorization.

The concept of 'double-loop learning,' introduced by Chris Argyris, differs from single-loop learning in that it involves:

Answer: Questioning and revising the underlying values and assumptions that drive behavior

Double-loop learning goes beyond correcting errors (single-loop) to examining and changing the governing values and mental models that caused the error in the first place.

In the context of adult learning, which principle is MOST aligned with Knowles' assumption that adults are 'problem-centered' rather than 'subject-centered'?

Answer: Learning activities should be designed around real-world tasks and challenges learners face

Problem-centered orientation means adults learn best when training is organized around real-life tasks and challenges relevant to their roles, not around abstract academic subjects.