General Science Test Flashcards

Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP in a cell?

Answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they produce ATP through cellular respiration.

What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?

Answer: 7

A pH of 7 is considered neutral, with values below 7 being acidic and above 7 being basic.

Which law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed?

Answer: First Law of Thermodynamics

The First Law of Thermodynamics (conservation of energy) states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

What type of rock is formed from cooled magma or lava?

Answer: Igneous

Igneous rock forms when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies.

Which gas do plants absorb from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?

Answer: Carbon dioxide

Plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air and use it along with sunlight and water to produce glucose.

What force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?

Answer: Gravity

Gravity is the attractive force between masses that keeps planets in elliptical orbits around the Sun.

Which part of the human brain controls balance and coordination?

Answer: Cerebellum

The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements, balance, and fine motor skills.

What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element?

Answer: Atom

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the chemical characteristics of that element.

Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?

Answer: Gamma rays

Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum.

What is the process by which water vapor cools and changes into liquid water called?

Answer: Condensation

Condensation occurs when water vapor loses heat energy and changes into liquid water droplets.

Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

Answer: O negative

O negative blood can be given to patients of any blood type because it lacks A, B, and Rh antigens.

What is the chemical formula for table salt (sodium chloride)?

Answer: NaCl

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed when one sodium atom bonds ionically with one chlorine atom.

Which layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

Answer: Stratosphere

The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, roughly 15 to 35 kilometers above Earth's surface.

What type of reproduction involves only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring?

Answer: Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction requires only one parent, producing offspring that are genetic clones of the parent.

According to Newton's Third Law of Motion, when one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts a force that is:

Answer: Equal in the opposite direction

Newton's Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Which planet in our solar system has the most moons?

Answer: Saturn

Saturn has the most confirmed moons of any planet in our solar system, surpassing Jupiter in recent counts.

What is the term for the amount of matter in an object?

Answer: Mass

Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object and does not change with location or gravity.

Which type of wave requires a medium to travel through?

Answer: Sound waves

Sound waves are mechanical waves that need a medium such as air, water, or solids to propagate.

What is the powerhouse process that converts glucose and oxygen into energy, water, and carbon dioxide?

Answer: Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is the metabolic process that breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP.

What is the atomic number of carbon?

Answer: 6

Carbon has atomic number 6, meaning its nucleus contains 6 protons.