General Science Flashcards

Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP in a cell?

Answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, earning the nickname 'powerhouse of the cell.'

What is the SI unit of electrical resistance?

Answer: Ohm

The ohm (Ω) is the SI unit of electrical resistance, defined by Ohm's Law as voltage divided by current.

Which type of rock is formed from cooling magma or lava?

Answer: Igneous

Igneous rock forms when molten rock (magma underground, lava at the surface) cools and solidifies.

A solution with a pH of 2 is best described as:

Answer: Strongly acidic

The pH scale runs 0–14; values below 7 are acidic, and pH 2 indicates a strongly acidic solution.

Which planet in our solar system has the most moons?

Answer: Saturn

Saturn holds the record with over 140 confirmed moons, surpassing Jupiter's count.

What process do plants use to convert sunlight into chemical energy?

Answer: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis uses light energy, water, and CO₂ to produce glucose and oxygen in plant chloroplasts.

Which force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?

Answer: Gravity

Gravity is the attractive force between masses that pulls planets toward the Sun, maintaining their orbital paths.

What is the chemical symbol for gold?

Answer: Au

Gold's symbol Au comes from 'aurum,' the Latin word for gold.

Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

Answer: Stratosphere

The ozone layer sits within the stratosphere (roughly 15–35 km altitude), absorbing harmful UV radiation.

In which phase of cell division do chromosomes align along the cell's equator?

Answer: Metaphase

During metaphase, chromosomes align along the metaphase plate (cell equator) before being pulled apart.

What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Answer: Covalent bond

A covalent bond forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Which gas makes up approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere?

Answer: Nitrogen

Nitrogen (N₂) comprises about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, with oxygen making up most of the remainder.

What is Newton's Second Law of Motion?

Answer: Force equals mass times acceleration

Newton's Second Law states F = ma: force equals mass multiplied by acceleration.

Which blood type is known as the 'universal donor' for red blood cells?

Answer: Type O negative

Type O negative lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it can be transfused to patients of any blood type in emergencies.

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

Answer: Electron

Electrons carry a negative charge and orbit the nucleus of an atom in energy shells.

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Answer: Carry oxygen throughout the body

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to body tissues.

Which law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed?

Answer: First Law of Thermodynamics

The First Law of Thermodynamics (conservation of energy) states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

What is the speed of light in a vacuum, approximately?

Answer: 300,000 km/s

Light travels at approximately 300,000 kilometers per second (3 × 10⁸ m/s) in a vacuum.

Which element is essential for the formation of bones and teeth?

Answer: Calcium

Calcium, often obtained from dairy products and leafy greens, is the primary mineral that gives bones and teeth their strength.

What is the process by which water vapor cools and turns into liquid water?

Answer: Condensation

Condensation occurs when water vapor loses heat energy and transitions back into liquid water, as seen on a cold glass.