Logical Reasoning and Evidence Flashcards

When an author uses a specific example to support a broad claim, this strategy is called:

Answer: Illustration

Illustration uses a concrete example to clarify or substantiate a general claim.

Which of the following best describes a logical argument's premise?

Answer: A statement that supports or leads to the conclusion

A premise is a supporting statement that provides evidence or reasoning that leads to the conclusion.

Circular reasoning (begging the question) is flawed because:

Answer: The conclusion is used as a premise to support itself

Circular reasoning restates the conclusion as its own premise, providing no actual support.

Which of the following would most weaken the argument that 'Exercise improves academic performance'?

Answer: Research showing no correlation between exercise and academic results

Evidence showing no correlation directly contradicts the claim and most weakens the argument.

An author concedes a point in an argument in order to:

Answer: Acknowledge a valid opposing point while maintaining the overall argument

Conceding a point shows intellectual honesty and strengthens credibility while preserving the overall argument.

Which of the following is an example of an appeal to authority fallacy?

Answer: A famous actor endorses this diet supplement as healthy.

Appeal to authority misuses celebrity or fame as evidence, rather than relevant expertise or data.