Logical Reasoning and Evidence Flashcards

Which sentence presents a claim supported by evidence rather than an unsupported opinion?

Answer: Studies show that electric cars produce 50% fewer emissions over their lifetime.

An evidence-based claim cites specific data or research rather than personal opinion or vague assertions.

A 'straw man' fallacy occurs when someone:

Answer: Misrepresents an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

A straw man distorts or exaggerates an opponent's position to refute a weakened version of their argument.

Which of these best describes an inference?

Answer: A conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning

An inference is a logical conclusion reached by interpreting available evidence and reasoning.

In evaluating a source, which factor most directly relates to credibility?

Answer: Author's expertise and qualifications

Credibility is most directly established by the author's relevant expertise and qualifications.

A false dichotomy presents an argument as if there are only two options when in reality:

Answer: More options exist

A false dichotomy oversimplifies by ignoring additional valid alternatives.

Which term describes reasoning that supports a conclusion using a series of if-then logical steps?

Answer: Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning moves from premises through logical steps to a necessary conclusion.