ASCP Venipuncture Complications and Special Procedures Flashcards

A hematoma begins forming during venipuncture. The phlebotomist should FIRST:

Answer: Remove the needle and apply firm pressure immediately

When a hematoma forms, the needle must be removed immediately and firm pressure applied to stop blood from leaking into surrounding tissue.

Which finding during venipuncture indicates an accidental arterial puncture?

Answer: Bright red blood that pulses into the tube

Arterial blood is oxygenated, appearing bright red, and pulses into the tube due to the higher pressure in arteries.

Small pinpoint hemorrhages (petechiae) appearing on the forearm after tourniquet application may indicate:

Answer: A coagulation or platelet disorder

Petechiae suggest abnormal platelet function or a coagulopathy and should be reported to the ordering clinician.

A patient reports a sharp, shooting pain radiating down the arm during needle insertion. The phlebotomist should:

Answer: Remove the needle immediately and document the incident

Radiating pain indicates possible nerve contact or injury; the needle must be removed at once and the incident fully documented.

Which antecubital vein carries the HIGHEST risk for nerve and arterial injury during venipuncture?

Answer: Basilic vein

The basilic vein is located near the median cutaneous nerve and brachial artery, making it the highest-risk antecubital site.

The BEST preventive measure against vasovagal syncope (fainting) during phlebotomy is:

Answer: Having the patient lie down or recline before and during collection

Placing the patient in a reclined or supine position maintains cerebral blood flow and is the most effective prevention for vasovagal syncope.