Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation and Reasoning 3

Question 1

A Bayesian network is best used in AI for:

Accepted Answer

Representing probabilistic dependencies among variables and performing uncertainty reasoning

Answer

A Bayesian network is a directed acyclic graph where nodes represent random variables and edges encode conditional probability dependencies, enabling probabilistic inference under uncertainty.

Question 2

Case-based reasoning (CBR) in AI solves new problems by:

Accepted Answer

Retrieving and adapting solutions from similar past cases stored in memory

Answer

CBR follows a retrieve-reuse-revise-retain cycle: it finds past cases similar to the current problem, adapts their solutions, evaluates the result, and stores the new case for future use.

Question 3

Which query language is used to retrieve and manipulate data stored in RDF (Resource Description Framework) knowledge graphs?

Accepted Answer

SPARQL

Answer

SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) is the W3C standard query language designed specifically for querying and updating RDF-based knowledge graphs and linked data.

Question 4

Description logics (DLs) are used in AI primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Formally represent and reason about concept hierarchies and object properties in ontologies

Answer

Description logics are a family of formal knowledge representation languages used to define ontologies; they provide decidable reasoning services like classification, consistency checking, and instance retrieval.

Question 5

In knowledge representation, what is the 'is-a' (or subsumption) relationship used to express?

Accepted Answer

That one class is a subset of or specialization of another class

Answer

The 'is-a' relationship expresses class hierarchy: if Dog is-a Animal, then every Dog is an Animal, enabling inheritance of properties from parent to child classes.

Artificial Intelligence Practice Test

Artificial Intelligence Practice Test

Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation and Reasoning 3