Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation and Reasoning 2

Question 1

What distinguishes deductive reasoning from inductive reasoning in AI?

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning draws specific conclusions that are guaranteed from general premises; inductive reasoning generalizes from specific observations

Answer

Deductive reasoning moves from general rules to specific conclusions that are logically certain, while inductive reasoning infers general rules from specific examples, producing conclusions that are probable but not guaranteed.

Question 2

In forward chaining, an AI system:

Accepted Answer

Starts from available facts and applies rules to derive new conclusions until the goal is reached

Answer

Forward chaining (data-driven reasoning) begins with known facts and fires applicable rules to generate new facts, continuing until the target goal is derived or no more rules can fire.

Question 3

Backward chaining is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Starting from a goal hypothesis and working backward to find facts that support it

Answer

Backward chaining (goal-driven reasoning) begins with the goal and recursively identifies sub-goals or facts needed to prove it, making it efficient when the goal is known in advance.

Question 4

Fuzzy logic is used in AI primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Represent and reason about degrees of truth in situations involving uncertainty or vagueness

Answer

Fuzzy logic extends classical binary logic by allowing truth values between 0 and 1, making it suitable for reasoning about imprecise or vague concepts like 'tall', 'warm', or 'fast'.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a production rule system?

Accepted Answer

A rule-based system using IF-THEN rules to represent knowledge and trigger actions

Answer

A production rule system represents knowledge as a collection of IF (condition) THEN (action) rules; the inference engine matches conditions against working memory and fires matching rules.

Artificial Intelligence Practice Test

Artificial Intelligence Practice Test

Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation and Reasoning 2