Upper Extremity Procedures Flashcards

Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head free of superimposition?

Answer: Lateral oblique (external rotation) projection

The lateral oblique (external rotation) projection rotates the forearm outward to project the radial head free of the ulna.

For an AP projection of the humerus, the epicondyles should be:

Answer: Parallel to the image receptor

In the AP humerus projection, the epicondyles are parallel to the IR so both the medial and lateral aspects are seen in profile.

A Norgaard method (ball-catcher's position) radiograph is primarily used to evaluate:

Answer: Early rheumatoid arthritis changes in the MCP joints

The Norgaard (ball-catcher's) position places both hands in partial supination to detect early erosive changes of rheumatoid arthritis at the MCP joints.

What is the recommended central ray angulation for the carpal canal (Gaynor-Hart) projection?

Answer: 25–30° toward the fingers

The carpal canal projection angles the CR 25–30° toward the fingers to project the palmar surface of the carpal bones and tunnel structures.

Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured and is best demonstrated in the scaphoid (ulnar deviation) position?

Answer: Scaphoid

The scaphoid is the most frequently fractured carpal bone; ulnar deviation elongates it and removes foreshortening for better visualization.

For a lateral projection of the wrist, proper positioning requires that the:

Answer: Radius and ulna are superimposed

A true lateral wrist has the radius and ulna directly superimposed, confirming no rotation.

When radiographing a digit in the PA oblique position, the finger is typically rotated:

Answer: 45° from PA

The PA oblique digit projection uses a 45° rotation from PA to open the joint spaces and show both cortices of the phalanges.