ARDMS SPI Attenuation, Reflection, and Refraction 2

Question 1

Which tissue type has the highest attenuation coefficient at a given frequency?

Accepted Answer

Bone

Answer

Bone has the highest attenuation coefficient among soft tissues and calcified structures due to its density and composition.

Question 2

When a sound beam travels from muscle into fat, which phenomenon occurs because fat has a lower propagation speed?

Accepted Answer

Refraction

Answer

Refraction occurs when sound crosses an interface at an oblique angle between media with different propagation speeds, causing the beam to bend.

Question 3

What is the half-value layer (HVL) in ultrasound attenuation?

Accepted Answer

The depth at which intensity is reduced by 50%

Answer

The half-value layer is the tissue depth at which the beam's intensity is reduced to half its original value.

Question 4

A specular reflector produces a strong echo only when:

Accepted Answer

The beam strikes the surface perpendicularly

Answer

Specular reflectors return maximum echo amplitude when the beam strikes perpendicular (90°) to the smooth, large surface.

Question 5

How does increasing ultrasound frequency affect attenuation in soft tissue?

Accepted Answer

Attenuation increases

Answer

Attenuation increases with frequency because higher-frequency sound waves are more readily absorbed and scattered by tissue.

ARDMS SPI - ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation Practice Test