APMLE APMLE Biomechanics and Orthopedics

Question 1

Which term describes the triplanar motion of the subtalar joint that includes dorsiflexion, abduction, and eversion?

Accepted Answer

Pronation

Answer

Supination

Answer

Plantarflexion

Answer

Adduction

Question 2

What is the normal range of motion for subtalar joint pronation to supination?

Accepted Answer

2:1 ratio of supination to pronation

Answer

1:1 ratio

Answer

1:2 ratio of supination to pronation

Answer

3:1 ratio of pronation to supination

Question 3

Which axis of the subtalar joint is responsible for its triplanar motion?

Accepted Answer

Oblique axis oriented 42° from transverse and 16° from sagittal plane

Answer

Vertical axis perpendicular to the ground

Answer

Horizontal axis parallel to the floor

Answer

Axis oriented 90° to the long axis of the foot

Question 4

What is the term for the period of gait when both feet are in contact with the ground simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Double support

Answer

Single limb support

Answer

Swing phase

Answer

Terminal stance

Question 5

A patient presents with a forefoot varus deformity. Which compensation occurs at the subtalar joint during gait?

Accepted Answer

Subtalar joint pronation

Answer

Subtalar joint supination

Answer

Midtarsal joint locking

Answer

Ankle plantarflexion

Question 6

Which muscle is the primary invertor of the foot and is commonly tested when evaluating posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Tibialis posterior

Answer

Tibialis anterior

Answer

Peroneus longus

Answer

Flexor digitorum longus