APMLE Biomechanics and Orthopedics Flashcards
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Read the first 6 APMLE Biomechanics and Orthopedics flashcards as text
On a lateral weight-bearing radiograph, which angle is used to assess the sagittal plane relationship of the talus to the calcaneus?
Answer: Lateral talocalcaneal angle
The lateral talocalcaneal angle measures the sagittal relationship between the talus and calcaneus, normally 25–50°.
What is Meary's angle used to assess on a lateral weight-bearing radiograph?
Answer: Talo-first metatarsal angle assessing foot arch
Meary's angle (talo-first metatarsal angle) assesses the medial longitudinal arch; a normal value is 0° with deviations indicating flatfoot or cavus.
Which classification system is commonly used to grade adult-acquired flatfoot deformity based on posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?
Answer: Johnson and Strom classification
The Johnson and Strom classification (Stages I–IV) grades adult-acquired flatfoot deformity based on the severity of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
What does a positive too-many-toes sign indicate?
Answer: Abduction of the forefoot seen from behind due to flatfoot deformity
The too-many-toes sign is seen when more than 1–2 toes are visible lateral to the heel from behind, indicating forefoot abduction in flatfoot deformity.
Which orthotic design is most appropriate for a patient with a rigid forefoot valgus deformity?
Answer: Forefoot valgus post
A forefoot valgus post is applied to the orthotic to accommodate a rigid forefoot valgus deformity and prevent excessive supination compensation.
What is the normal calcaneal inclination angle on a lateral weight-bearing radiograph?
Answer: 18–20°
The normal calcaneal inclination angle is approximately 18–20°; a decreased angle indicates flatfoot and an increased angle indicates cavus.
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