Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Flashcards

According to USPSTF recommendations, which adults should receive aspirin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease?

Answer: Adults aged 40 to 59 with 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk where benefit-harm balance is individualized; aspirin is NOT recommended for primary prevention in adults 60 and older

The USPSTF 2022 guidelines recommend individualized aspirin use for primary prevention only in adults 40-59 with 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk. For adults 60 and older, primary prevention aspirin is not recommended due to increased bleeding risk outweighing benefit.

A 45-year-old patient with a 30 pack-year smoking history and no symptoms asks about lung cancer screening. Per USPSTF recommendations, what is the appropriate recommendation?

Answer: Annual low-dose CT scan if aged 50 to 80 with 20 or more pack-year history who currently smokes or quit within the past 15 years

USPSTF recommends annual LDCT for lung cancer screening in adults aged 50-80 with 20 or more pack-year history who currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years (Grade B). This patient is 45 and not yet eligible by age criteria.

A 55-year-old woman with no family history asks about colorectal cancer screening options. Which of the following represents a current USPSTF-approved screening strategy?

Answer: Colonoscopy every 10 years, annual high-sensitivity FOBT, or FIT-DNA test every 1 to 3 years — multiple modalities are acceptable

USPSTF recommends colorectal cancer screening for all average-risk adults 45-75 using multiple acceptable modalities: colonoscopy every 10 years, annual high-sensitivity FOBT or FIT, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, or FIT-DNA every 1-3 years.

A 62-year-old male with a 40 pack-year smoking history asks about abdominal aortic aneurysm screening. USPSTF recommends AAA screening for which group?

Answer: Men aged 65 to 75 who have ever smoked (100 or more cigarettes lifetime) — one-time abdominal ultrasound

USPSTF recommends one-time abdominal aortic ultrasound screening for men aged 65-75 who have ever smoked (100 or more cigarettes lifetime). Screening is not recommended for women or never-smokers in this age group.

Which vaccine is recommended by the ACIP for all adults 65 and older to prevent pneumococcal disease, per updated 2021 recommendations?

Answer: PCV15 followed by PPSV23, or PCV20 alone — replacing the previous PCV13 strategy

Since 2021, ACIP recommends that adults 65 and older who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine receive PCV15 followed by PPSV23 one year later, or PCV20 alone — replacing the previous PCV13/PPSV23 strategy.

A 38-year-old woman asks about osteoporosis screening. Per USPSTF recommendations, when should osteoporosis screening with DEXA scan begin for women?

Answer: Age 65 for all women, or earlier for postmenopausal women under 65 with increased osteoporosis risk based on FRAX or a similar tool

USPSTF recommends DEXA screening for all women 65 and older and for postmenopausal women under 65 whose fracture risk is equal to or greater than that of a 65-year-old white woman with no additional risk factors, based on risk assessment tools like FRAX.