Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Flashcards

The USPSTF recommends screening for hypertension in adults. What is the current blood pressure threshold that defines stage 1 hypertension according to 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines?

Answer: 130/80 mmHg or higher

The 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines redefined stage 1 hypertension as 130/80 mmHg or higher, replacing the previous threshold of 140/90 mmHg for stage 1.

Tobacco cessation counseling is a USPSTF Grade A recommendation. Which FDA-approved pharmacotherapy has the highest efficacy for smoking cessation?

Answer: Varenicline (Chantix) — partial nicotinic receptor agonist

Varenicline has the highest individual agent efficacy for smoking cessation, with quit rates approximately 2-3 times higher than placebo and superior to monotherapy nicotine replacement or bupropion.

A 58-year-old patient with BMI 31 and hypertension asks about obesity management. Per USPSTF recommendations, adults with BMI 30 or higher should:

Answer: Be offered intensive multicomponent behavioral intervention with at least 12 sessions in the first year for weight loss

USPSTF Grade B recommendation: adults with BMI 30 or higher should be offered referral to intensive multicomponent behavioral intervention programs with at least 12 sessions in year 1 that include dietary counseling, physical activity guidance, and behavioral strategies.

USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in which adult population?

Answer: All sexually active women 24 years and younger and older women at increased risk

USPSTF Grade B: screen all sexually active women 24 and younger, and older women at increased risk (new or multiple partners, inconsistent condom use, prior STI) for chlamydia and gonorrhea.

A 67-year-old man with a 10-year ASCVD risk of 8% asks about statin therapy for primary prevention. According to 2019 ACC/AHA cholesterol guidelines, statins for primary prevention are most clearly indicated when:

Answer: 10-year ASCVD risk is 7.5% or greater with discussion of risk-enhancing factors and patient preference

2019 ACC/AHA guidelines recommend considering statin therapy for primary prevention when 10-year ASCVD risk is 7.5% or greater, incorporating discussion of risk-enhancing factors and aligning with patient values.

A nurse practitioner is discussing hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening with a 45-year-old patient. Per USPSTF recommendations, HCV screening should be offered to:

Answer: All adults aged 18 to 79 at least once, and more frequently for those with ongoing risk factors

USPSTF Grade B recommendation supports one-time HCV screening for all adults aged 18-79. Those with ongoing risk factors should be screened periodically.