Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Flashcards

According to USPSTF recommendations, which adults should be screened for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Overweight or obese adults aged 35 to 70 — screening every 3 years if normal, or more frequently with risk factors

USPSTF recommends screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in overweight or obese adults aged 35-70. Screening every 3 years is appropriate for normal results.

A 30-year-old male patient asks about testicular cancer screening. According to USPSTF guidelines, the recommended approach is:

Answer: USPSTF recommends against routine screening for testicular cancer in asymptomatic adolescent and adult males

The USPSTF recommends against routine screening for testicular cancer in asymptomatic adolescent and adult males (Grade D), as harms outweigh benefits given the high cure rate even for detected tumors.

In primary prevention counseling, which lifestyle modification has the strongest evidence for reducing all-cause cardiovascular mortality in adults?

Answer: Regular aerobic exercise of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week

Regular aerobic exercise meeting AHA guidelines of at least 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity has the strongest evidence base for reducing cardiovascular mortality through multiple mechanisms.

USPSTF recommends screening for unhealthy alcohol use in adults. Which validated screening tool is most commonly used in primary care?

Answer: AUDIT-C (3-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption) with full AUDIT-10 for positive screens

The AUDIT-C is the recommended brief alcohol screening tool for primary care, consisting of 3 questions. A positive screen triggers the full 10-item AUDIT for comprehensive assessment.

A nurse practitioner is counseling a 28-year-old woman of childbearing age about folic acid supplementation. The USPSTF recommends:

Answer: 400 to 800 mcg of folic acid daily for all women planning or capable of becoming pregnant to prevent neural tube defects

USPSTF recommends 400-800 mcg of folic acid daily for all women who are planning or capable of pregnancy (Grade A). Supplementation should begin before conception since the neural tube closes by day 28.

Which primary prevention intervention has the strongest evidence for reducing mortality from colorectal cancer in average-risk patients?

Answer: Adherence to recommended colorectal cancer screening protocols beginning at age 45

Adherence to evidence-based colorectal cancer screening protocols starting at age 45 is the strongest intervention for reducing CRC mortality through early detection and removal of precancerous polyps.