APEA Patient Management Questions and Answers Flashcards

A 55-year-old patient has a 10-year ASCVD risk of 12%. Per ACC/AHA guidelines, which intervention is indicated?

Answer: Moderate-to-high intensity statin therapy

A 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5% in patients aged 40-75 meets the threshold for initiating moderate-to-high intensity statin therapy per ACC/AHA guidelines.

A patient with CHF exacerbation presents with orthopnea, 3+ pitting edema, and weight gain of 8 lbs in 5 days. The immediate management priority is:

Answer: IV furosemide and close monitoring of urine output

Acute CHF exacerbation with significant fluid overload requires IV diuresis for rapid volume removal, with urine output monitoring to guide therapy.

A patient with known COPD presents with increased dyspnea, change in sputum color to green, and increased sputum volume. The most appropriate treatment is:

Answer: Short-acting bronchodilator plus antibiotic

COPD exacerbation with purulent sputum meets criteria for antibiotic treatment; short-acting bronchodilators are added to address bronchospasm and dyspnea.

A 28-year-old woman with a first episode of uncomplicated cystitis is best treated with which antibiotic per IDSA guidelines?

Answer: Nitrofurantoin for 5 days or TMP-SMX for 3 days

IDSA guidelines recommend nitrofurantoin or TMP-SMX as first-line agents for uncomplicated cystitis; fluoroquinolones are reserved for complicated infections.

A patient with well-controlled HIV presents for routine care. The NP notes CD4 count is 450 cells/mcL and viral load is undetectable. The appropriate next step is:

Answer: Continue current antiretroviral therapy and schedule follow-up in 3-6 months

A CD4 count of 450 with undetectable viral load indicates well-controlled HIV; continuing current ART with routine 3-6 month follow-up is appropriate.

An 8-year-old is diagnosed with streptococcal pharyngitis confirmed by rapid strep test. The treatment of choice to prevent rheumatic fever is:

Answer: Amoxicillin for 10 days

A full 10-day course of amoxicillin is the recommended treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis to eradicate the organism and prevent acute rheumatic fever.