AP Practice Test: Video 5 Answers (25 Questions) Flashcards

A statement that appears contradictory but reveals a truth is a:

Answer: Paradox

A paradox seems self-contradictory yet expresses a deeper truth.

A direct comparison between two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as' is a:

Answer: Metaphor

A metaphor equates two unlike things directly without comparison words.

Deliberate understatement, often using negation, as in 'not bad at all,' is:

Answer: Litotes

Litotes expresses an idea by negating its opposite for understatement.

The attitude a writer takes toward the subject is best described as:

Answer: Tone

Tone reflects the author's attitude toward the subject or audience.

In a poem, the repetition of initial consonant sounds in nearby words is called what?

Answer: Alliteration

Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighboring words.

The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment primarily prohibits the government from:

Answer: Establishing an official religion

The Establishment Clause bars the government from creating an official religion.

Which of the following is an example of a concurrent power shared by both state and federal governments?

Answer: The power to tax

Both states and the federal government can levy taxes, a concurrent power.

Which amendment guarantees that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people?

Answer: Tenth Amendment

The Tenth Amendment reserves undelegated powers to the states and the people.

In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the Supreme Court relied most directly on which principle to uphold the national bank?

Answer: Implied powers

The Court used implied powers from the Necessary and Proper Clause to justify the bank.

Which of the following is a power exclusively held by the House of Representatives?

Answer: Initiating impeachment proceedings

The House holds the sole power to impeach (initiate charges).

Which of the following is a diprotic acid?

Answer: H2SO4

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) can donate two protons, making it diprotic.

Which acid is classified as strong because it ionizes essentially completely in water?

Answer: HNO3

Nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water.

What volume of 0.10 M HCl is required to neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.10 M NaOH?

Answer: 25.0 mL

Equal concentrations and a 1:1 ratio require equal volumes, so 25.0 mL.

Which substance acts as an amphoteric species, able to behave as both an acid and a base?

Answer: H2O

Water can donate a proton (acid) or accept one (base), making it amphoteric.

What is the conjugate base of the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)?

Answer: CO3^2-

Removing a proton from HCO3- yields the carbonate ion CO3^2-.

How does depth perception influence our perception of the world?

Answer: It helps judge the distance of objects

Depth perception is the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions and to judge the distance of objects from ourselves and from each other. It relies on both monocular and binocular cues, such as relative size and retinal disparity. This crucial perceptual ability allows us to navigate our environment safely and interact with objects accurately by judging their distance.

What is the process of sensation?

Answer: The detection of stimuli by sensory receptors

Sensation is the initial process where our sensory organs detect physical energy from the environment and convert it into neural signals. This involves specialized sensory receptors, such as those in the eyes, ears, and skin, responding to stimuli like light, sound, or pressure. It is the raw input stage, the detection of stimuli, before the brain interprets its meaning.

What is the significance of visual illusions in perception?

Answer: They show how perception can be distorted

Visual illusions are powerful demonstrations of how our perception is not always a direct reflection of reality. They highlight the active, constructive nature of the brain in interpreting sensory information, sometimes leading to misinterpretations or distortions. Studying illusions helps psychologists understand the rules and biases our perceptual system uses, showing how perception can be distorted.

What is the function of the visual system in sensation and perception?

Answer: It processes the environmental light into neural signals

The visual system's primary function in sensation is to detect light energy from the environment. The eyes, specifically the retina, contain photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) that convert light stimuli into electrical signals. These neural signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, where they are further processed to create our perception of sight.

What is the purpose of the ear in sensation?

Answer: It processes sound waves into electrical signals

The ear is the primary organ for audition, responsible for detecting and processing sound waves. Sound waves enter the ear canal, causing the eardrum and ossicles to vibrate, which then transmit these vibrations to the cochlea. Inside the cochlea, hair cells convert these mechanical vibrations into electrical nerve impulses, which are sent to the brain for interpretation as sound.