AOA Ocular Anatomy and Physiology 2

Question 1

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is primarily regulated by the balance between aqueous humor production and outflow through which primary drainage pathway?

Accepted Answer

Trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal

Answer

Approximately 80–90% of aqueous outflow occurs through the trabecular meshwork into Schlemm's canal, making this the conventional pathway primarily responsible for IOP regulation.

Question 2

Which layer of the retina contains the cell bodies of the photoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

Outer nuclear layer

Answer

The outer nuclear layer contains the cell bodies (nuclei) of the rod and cone photoreceptors.

Question 3

The ciliary muscle contraction during accommodation causes which change to the crystalline lens?

Accepted Answer

The lens becomes more convex as zonular tension decreases

Answer

When the ciliary muscle contracts, it moves anteriorly and inward, releasing zonular tension and allowing the elastic lens to assume a more spherical (convex) shape, increasing its power for near focus.

Question 4

The macula lutea gets its yellow color from which pigments?

Accepted Answer

Lutein and zeaxanthin

Answer

The macular pigment is composed of lutein and zeaxanthin, two xanthophyll carotenoids that absorb blue light and are thought to protect the macula from phototoxic damage.

Question 5

Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

Accepted Answer

CN VI (Abducens)

Answer

The abducens nerve (CN VI) exclusively innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye.

AOA - American Optometric Association Practice Test

AOA - American Optometric Association Practice Test

AOA Ocular Anatomy and Physiology 2