Pediatric Nursing Flashcards

Which developmental milestone is expected in a 4-month-old infant?

Answer: Holds head steady when sitting, follows objects past midline, social smile

At 4 months, expected milestones include head control when supported sitting, tracking objects past midline, cooing, and a well-established social smile.

A 7-year-old with DKA is receiving IV rehydration. Which finding is an early warning sign of cerebral edema?

Answer: Headache, sudden decrease in LOC, or change in neurological status during treatment

Cerebral edema in pediatric DKA presents with headache, behavioral changes, decreased LOC, or focal neurological deficits during rehydration. Any neurological deterioration must be treated as cerebral edema until proven otherwise.

A 5-year-old admitted following a first-time febrile seizure lasting 90 seconds. Which statement is most accurate?

Answer: Most febrile seizures are benign, self-limited, and do not require anti-epileptic treatment

Simple febrile seizures are benign and self-limited. They are not treated with anti-epileptic drugs. Epilepsy risk is only 2-3% versus 1% baseline.

A 6-week-old male presents with suspected pyloric stenosis. Which assessment finding is most characteristic?

Answer: Non-bilious projectile vomiting and a palpable olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presents with non-bilious projectile vomiting because obstruction is proximal to the ampulla of Vater, and a palpable olive-shaped pyloric mass in the RUQ.

The FACES pain scale is most appropriate for use in which pediatric population?

Answer: Children aged 3 to 7 years who can communicate

The Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale is validated for children aged 3 years and older who can communicate, using facial expression illustrations from no hurt to hurts worst.

A 9-year-old with asthma exacerbation (RR 28, SpO2 92%, accessory muscle use) receives albuterol nebulizer treatment. Which finding indicates effectiveness?

Answer: Wheezing decreases, respiratory rate normalizes to 22, and SpO2 improves to 97%

Effective bronchodilator treatment is indicated by decreased wheezing, normalized respiratory rate, improved SpO2, and decreased work of breathing.