Family Nurse Practitioner Certification Flashcards

A patient with Type 2 diabetes has an HbA1c of 8.9%. According to ADA guidelines, the initial medication of choice is:

Answer: Metformin

Metformin remains the first-line pharmacologic treatment for Type 2 diabetes in most patients unless contraindicated.

When counseling a patient about emergency contraception, the nurse practitioner should teach that Plan B (levonorgestrel) is most effective when taken within:

Answer: 72 hours of unprotected intercourse

Plan B is most effective when taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex, though it has some efficacy up to 120 hours.

A 67-year-old woman with osteoporosis has a T-score of -2.8. First-line pharmacological treatment includes:

Answer: Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate)

Bisphosphonates are first-line pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis due to evidence reducing vertebral and hip fracture risk.

Which finding on a throat culture indicates the need for antibiotic treatment in pharyngitis?

Answer: Positive Group A Streptococcus culture

A positive Group A Streptococcus culture confirms bacterial pharyngitis requiring antibiotic treatment to prevent complications.

A 4-year-old child is brought in with a barky, seal-like cough that worsens at night. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer: Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Croup presents with the classic seal-like barky cough and stridor, typically caused by parainfluenza virus.

Which of the following is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in otherwise healthy adults?

Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the leading bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults.