Renal and Urological Disorders Flashcards

A patient with urinary incontinence is started on oxybutynin (Ditropan). The nurse should teach the patient to anticipate which common side effects?

Answer: Dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention

Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication; classic side effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention.

Which patient is at HIGHEST risk for developing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after IV contrast administration?

Answer: A 65-year-old with CKD, diabetes, and heart failure

Pre-existing CKD, diabetes, and heart failure are the strongest risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy following IV contrast administration.

A patient with a peritoneal dialysis catheter reports cloudy dialysate effluent and abdominal pain. The nurse should suspect:

Answer: Peritonitis — a serious infection complication

Cloudy peritoneal effluent with abdominal pain indicates peritonitis, the most serious complication of peritoneal dialysis, requiring immediate culture and antibiotics.

A patient on loop diuretic therapy for fluid overload should be monitored for:

Answer: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic alkalosis

Loop diuretics cause loss of potassium, sodium, and chloride; chloride loss leads to metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia increases arrhythmia risk.

A patient presents with painful voiding, urinary frequency, and urine that is dark and foul-smelling. Urinalysis shows positive nitrites, leukocyte esterase, and WBC >10/hpf. The nurse anticipates:

Answer: Bacterial urinary tract infection requiring antibiotic therapy

The combination of symptoms and urinalysis findings (positive nitrites, leukocyte esterase, pyuria) confirms bacterial UTI requiring antibiotic treatment.

A medical-surgical nurse is inserting an indwelling urinary catheter in a female patient. To prevent catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI), which action is MOST important?

Answer: Use strict aseptic technique during catheter insertion

Strict aseptic technique during insertion is the single most important intervention to prevent CAUTI by preventing bacterial introduction.