American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology ABPN Sleep Medicine and Neurological Disorders 2

Question 1

A 55-year-old with a history of alcohol use disorder presents with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion. What is the MOST likely diagnosis and its cause?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke encephalopathy due to thiamine (B1) deficiency

Answer

Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine deficiency, classically presenting with the triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion in the setting of alcohol use disorder.

Question 2

Which sleep stage is characterized by high-amplitude, slow (< 2 Hz) delta waves on EEG and is considered essential for physical restoration?

Accepted Answer

Stage N3 (slow-wave/deep NREM)

Answer

Stage N3 slow-wave sleep is characterized by delta waves and is associated with physical restoration, growth hormone release, and memory consolidation.

Question 3

Obstructive sleep apnea is MOST strongly associated with which neuropsychiatric condition?

Accepted Answer

Depression and cognitive impairment

Answer

OSA is strongly associated with depression, cognitive impairment, and executive dysfunction due to intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation.

Question 4

Which term describes a sleep disorder characterized by confusional arousals, sleepwalking, and sleep terrors arising from NREM slow-wave sleep?

Accepted Answer

NREM parasomnias (disorders of arousal)

Answer

NREM parasomnias (disorders of arousal) include sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and confusional arousals, all arising from incomplete awakening from deep NREM sleep.

Question 5

A patient with delayed sleep phase disorder characteristically shows what sleep pattern?

Accepted Answer

Falls asleep and wakes up much later than desired but sleeps a normal duration

Answer

Delayed sleep phase disorder involves a delayed circadian rhythm, causing inability to fall asleep until very late at night and difficulty waking in the morning.

American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Practice Test

American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Practice Test

American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology ABPN Sleep Medicine and Neurological Disorders 2