General Pathology Principles Flashcards

The predominant cell type in acute inflammation during the first 24 hours is the:

Answer: Neutrophil

Neutrophils are the first responders and dominate the early acute inflammatory infiltrate.

Which vascular change is responsible for the redness and warmth (rubor and calor) of acute inflammation?

Answer: Vasodilation and increased blood flow

Vasodilation increases local blood flow, producing the warmth and redness of inflammation.

Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by aggregates of activated macrophages known as:

Answer: Epithelioid cells

Granulomas contain epithelioid histiocytes, which are activated macrophages with abundant cytoplasm.

The chemical mediator most responsible for pain in inflammation, along with prostaglandins, is:

Answer: Bradykinin

Bradykinin and prostaglandins are key mediators that sensitize nerve endings and produce pain.

Leukocyte rolling along the endothelium during inflammation is mediated primarily by:

Answer: Selectins

Selectins mediate the initial loose, rolling adhesion of leukocytes to activated endothelium.

Serous inflammation is best exemplified by:

Answer: A skin blister with clear fluid

Serous inflammation involves outpouring of thin, protein-poor fluid, as seen in a skin blister.

Chronic inflammation is distinguished from acute inflammation by the prominence of:

Answer: Mononuclear cells and tissue destruction with repair

Chronic inflammation features macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, ongoing tissue damage, and attempts at repair.