AMC MCQ Ophthalmology and ENT 2

Question 1

A 58-year-old with poorly controlled diabetes presents with new retinal vessels and a recent vitreous haemorrhage. What stage of diabetic retinopathy does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer

Mild non-proliferative retinopathy

Answer

Severe non-proliferative retinopathy

Answer

Diabetic maculopathy

Question 2

A 70-year-old with atrial fibrillation develops sudden painless monocular vision loss. Fundoscopy shows a pale, oedematous retina with a 'cherry red spot' at the fovea. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Central retinal artery occlusion

Answer

Central retinal vein occlusion

Answer

Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

Answer

Vitreous haemorrhage

Question 3

A 32-year-old with ankylosing spondylitis presents with a painful red eye, photophobia, blurred vision, and lacrimation. Slit-lamp examination reveals keratic precipitates and a hypopyon. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute anterior uveitis (iritis)

Answer

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer

Corneal ulcer

Answer

Scleritis

Question 4

A 3-year-old child is brought in after parents notice a white reflex (leukocoria) in the left eye in photographs. What is the most critical diagnosis to exclude urgently?

Accepted Answer

Retinoblastoma

Answer

Congenital cataract

Answer

Coloboma

Answer

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

Question 5

A 48-year-old presents with a 2-month history of unilateral nasal obstruction, blood-stained nasal discharge, and a firm cervical lymph node. There is unilateral serous otitis media. CT shows a nasopharyngeal mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Answer

Nasal polyposis

Answer

Inverted papilloma

Question 6

A 42-year-old presents with recurrent episodes of vertigo lasting 2-3 hours, accompanied by fluctuating low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness in the left ear. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Meniere's disease

Answer

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Answer

Vestibular schwannoma

Answer

Vestibular neuritis

Question 7

A 55-year-old presents with brief episodes of intense vertigo triggered by rolling over in bed, lasting less than one minute. The Dix-Hallpike test is positive. What is the most effective first-line treatment?

Accepted Answer

Canalith repositioning procedure (Epley maneuver)

Answer

Long-term meclizine (vestibular suppressant)

Answer

Intratympanic gentamicin injection

Answer

Surgical posterior semicircular canal occlusion