Paediatrics and Child Health Flashcards
7 cards from real AMC MCQ practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Paediatrics and Child Health flashcards as text
A 5-year-old with a recent sore throat develops periorbital oedema, smoky/tea-coloured urine and hypertension. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Haematuria, oedema and hypertension following a streptococcal infection indicate post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
A child with generalised oedema, heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and normal blood pressure most likely has which condition?
Answer: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome
Massive proteinuria with hypoalbuminaemia and oedema in a young child is typical of minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
What is the first-line treatment for minimal change nephrotic syndrome in children?
Answer: Corticosteroids (prednisolone)
Most childhood minimal change nephrotic syndrome responds to a course of oral corticosteroids.
A child presents with palpable purpura over the buttocks and lower limbs, joint pain, abdominal pain and haematuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis)
Palpable purpura on the legs/buttocks with arthralgia, abdominal pain and renal involvement defines HSP.
A child develops acute kidney injury, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia after bloody diarrhoea. What is the diagnosis?
Answer: Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
The triad of AKI, haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia after E. coli O157 diarrhoea is haemolytic uraemic syndrome.
What is the most appropriate first investigation when a young child presents with a first febrile urinary tract infection?
Answer: Urine culture before starting antibiotics
A clean urine sample for microscopy and culture should be obtained before antibiotics to confirm the diagnosis.
Bedwetting (nocturnal enuresis) in an otherwise well 6-year-old with no daytime symptoms is best initially managed by which approach?
Answer: Reassurance and behavioural advice (fluid timing, enuresis alarm)
Primary monosymptomatic enuresis is initially managed with reassurance and behavioural measures, with alarms as first-line active treatment.