Paediatrics and Child Health Flashcards
7 cards from real AMC MCQ practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Paediatrics and Child Health flashcards as text
A child presents with a barking cough, inspiratory stridor and hoarseness, worse at night. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
A barking (seal-like) cough with stridor and hoarseness is characteristic of viral croup.
What is the first-line treatment for moderate croup?
Answer: Oral or nebulised corticosteroid (dexamethasone)
A single dose of corticosteroid such as dexamethasone is first-line for croup of any severity.
A child with drooling, high fever, muffled voice and a tripod posture who avoids lying flat most likely has which condition?
Answer: Epiglottitis
Toxic appearance, drooling, muffled voice and tripod positioning suggest acute epiglottitis.
An infant under 12 months presents with coryza, wheeze, fine crackles and increased work of breathing in winter. What is the most likely cause?
Answer: Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
RSV bronchiolitis is the commonest cause of wheeze and crackles in infants during winter months.
What is the mainstay of management for bronchiolitis in a hospitalised infant?
Answer: Supportive care with oxygen and feeding support
Bronchiolitis management is supportive—oxygen, hydration and feeding support—as bronchodilators and steroids are not beneficial.
A child with a paroxysmal cough followed by an inspiratory 'whoop' and post-tussive vomiting most likely has which infection?
Answer: Pertussis (whooping cough)
Paroxysmal coughing fits with a whoop and post-tussive vomiting are typical of Bordetella pertussis.
Which antibiotic class is first-line for treating pertussis?
Answer: Macrolides (e.g. azithromycin)
Macrolides such as azithromycin are first-line for pertussis and reduce transmissibility.