Paediatrics and Child Health Flashcards
7 cards from real AMC MCQ practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Paediatrics and Child Health flashcards as text
A 6-week-old presents with non-bilious projectile vomiting and a palpable olive-shaped epigastric mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Pyloric stenosis
Non-bilious projectile vomiting with a palpable olive in a baby around 4-8 weeks is classic for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
A child with pyloric stenosis typically shows which biochemical abnormality?
Answer: Hypochloraemic hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis
Loss of gastric acid through vomiting produces a hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis.
What is the initial management priority before surgery in an infant with pyloric stenosis?
Answer: Fluid and electrolyte correction
Pyloromyotomy is not an emergency; fluid and electrolyte resuscitation must be completed first.
A 2-year-old presents with intermittent severe colicky abdominal pain, drawing up the legs, and 'redcurrant jelly' stools. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Intussusception
Paroxysmal colic, leg-drawing and redcurrant jelly stool are hallmarks of intussusception.
What is the first-line treatment for ileocolic intussusception in a stable child without peritonitis?
Answer: Air or contrast enema reduction
Non-operative reduction with an air (pneumatic) or contrast enema is first-line when there are no signs of perforation or peritonitis.
A neonate has bilious vomiting in the first day of life. What is the most concerning diagnosis to exclude urgently?
Answer: Malrotation with midgut volvulus
Bilious vomiting in a neonate is malrotation with volvulus until proven otherwise as it threatens bowel viability.
Which investigation is the gold standard to diagnose malrotation?
Answer: Upper GI contrast study
An upper GI contrast study showing an abnormally placed duodenojejunal junction is the diagnostic standard for malrotation.