Obstetrics and Gynaecology Flashcards

A labouring woman's CTG shows late decelerations with reduced variability. What does this most likely indicate?

Answer: Fetal hypoxia and uteroplacental insufficiency

Late decelerations with reduced variability suggest fetal hypoxia from uteroplacental insufficiency, warranting action.

What is the recommended management of a confirmed term breech presentation in an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy?

Answer: Offer external cephalic version at 36-37 weeks

External cephalic version is offered from around 36-37 weeks to attempt to turn the fetus to cephalic.

A primigravida at 39 weeks has not progressed beyond 4 cm over 4 hours despite regular contractions. What is the term for this?

Answer: Failure to progress (labour dystocia)

Inadequate cervical dilatation despite adequate contractions defines failure to progress.

Which medication is used for medical management of postpartum haemorrhage due to atony when oxytocin is insufficient?

Answer: Ergometrine or carboprost

Ergometrine and carboprost (a prostaglandin) are second-line uterotonics for atonic PPH.

A pregnant woman at 12 weeks has hyperemesis gravidarum. What complication should be screened for?

Answer: Electrolyte disturbance and ketosis

Severe vomiting in hyperemesis causes dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and ketosis requiring correction.

What is the most appropriate prophylaxis for a woman with previous early-onset pre-eclampsia in her next pregnancy?

Answer: Low-dose aspirin from the first trimester

Low-dose aspirin started before 16 weeks reduces recurrence risk in women with prior pre-eclampsia.

A woman at 30 weeks reports reduced fetal movements. What is the appropriate first-line assessment?

Answer: Cardiotocography and ultrasound assessment

Reduced fetal movements warrant CTG and ultrasound to assess fetal wellbeing.