ALT Child and Adolescent Development 3

Question 1

During which period does the prefrontal cortex — responsible for impulse control and decision-making — complete its development?

Accepted Answer

Mid-to-late twenties

Answer

Early childhood (ages 3–6)

Answer

Middle childhood (ages 7–11)

Answer

Early adolescence (ages 12–14)

Question 2

Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Adhering to universal ethical principles even if they conflict with laws

Answer

Following rules to avoid punishment

Answer

Conforming to social norms to gain approval

Answer

Upholding laws to maintain social order

Question 3

Which term describes the ability to understand that changing the shape of a substance does not change its quantity?

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Answer

Centration

Answer

Seriation

Answer

Transitive inference

Question 4

A student from a collectivist cultural background consistently defers to group consensus rather than asserting individual opinions. An ALT teacher should recognize this as:

Accepted Answer

A cultural value that may influence learning style and participation

Answer

A sign of low self-esteem requiring intervention

Answer

Evidence of dependent personality traits

Answer

Avoidance behavior linked to anxiety

Question 5

Puberty typically begins earlier in girls than in boys. On average, girls begin puberty at approximately:

Accepted Answer

Ages 8–10

Answer

Ages 6–7

Answer

Ages 12–14

Answer

Ages 15–17

Question 6

Which of the following best describes 'scaffolding' in educational contexts?

Accepted Answer

Providing temporary, adjustable support that is gradually removed as the student gains competence

Answer

Allowing students to learn through natural discovery without teacher input

Answer

Using punishment and reward to shape desired behaviors

Answer

Assigning tasks that are well below the student's current ability level

Question 7

Resilience in children exposed to adverse conditions is best supported by:

Accepted Answer

Providing at least one stable, supportive relationship with a caring adult

Answer

Shielding them entirely from all stressors

Answer

Encouraging independent problem-solving without adult involvement

Answer

Focusing exclusively on academic achievement