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Pharmacology and Prescribing Flashcards

7 cards from real AKT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A patient stabilized on warfarin begins taking ibuprofen regularly for joint pain. What is the primary prescribing concern?

    Answer: Ibuprofen potentiates warfarin's anticoagulant effect, increasing bleeding risk

    NSAIDs like ibuprofen inhibit platelet aggregation and can displace warfarin from protein-binding sites, synergistically increasing bleeding risk.

  2. Which of the following is the recommended first-line pharmacological treatment for Type 2 diabetes in a patient without contraindications?

    Answer: Metformin

    Metformin is universally recommended as first-line therapy for Type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy, safety profile, and low cost.

  3. A patient with a documented penicillin allergy needs antibiotic treatment. Which cephalosporin generation carries the greatest cross-reactivity risk?

    Answer: First-generation cephalosporins

    First-generation cephalosporins share the most structural similarity to penicillin via the R1 side chain, conferring the highest cross-reactivity risk.

  4. What is the maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen (paracetamol) for a healthy adult?

    Answer: 4,000 mg

    The maximum safe daily dose of acetaminophen for healthy adults is 4,000 mg (4 g), though 3,000 mg/day is recommended for chronic use or in patients at hepatic risk.

  5. Which class of antihypertensive is contraindicated during pregnancy due to risk of fetal renal dysgenesis?

    Answer: ACE inhibitors

    ACE inhibitors are teratogenic in the second and third trimesters, causing fetal renal tubular dysgenesis, oligohydramnios, and neonatal anuria.

  6. A patient on long-term lithium therapy presents with polydipsia, polyuria, and dilute urine. What is the most likely explanation?

    Answer: Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

    Chronic lithium use blocks ADH action on the collecting duct, causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus characterized by large volumes of dilute urine.

  7. Which of the following drugs requires routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of serum levels in clinical practice?

    Answer: Digoxin

    Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index and requires serum level monitoring to ensure efficacy while avoiding toxicity.