AGD Dental Pharmacology 1

Question 1

Which local anesthetic has the longest duration of pulpal anesthesia due to its high lipid solubility and protein binding?

Accepted Answer

Bupivacaine

Answer

Bupivacaine provides the longest duration of pulpal anesthesia (up to 12 hours) because of its high lipid solubility and extensive protein binding.

Question 2

Articaine is structurally unique among amide local anesthetics because it contains:

Accepted Answer

A thiophene ring instead of a benzene ring

Answer

Articaine uniquely contains a thiophene ring, which increases its lipid solubility and enables enhanced diffusion through soft and hard tissues.

Question 3

The maximum recommended dose of epinephrine for a patient with significant cardiovascular disease is:

Accepted Answer

0.04 mg

Answer

The American Heart Association recommends limiting epinephrine to 0.04 mg (approximately 2 cartridges of 1:100,000) in patients with cardiovascular compromise.

Question 4

Which local anesthetic is most associated with methemoglobinemia when used in high doses?

Accepted Answer

Prilocaine

Answer

Prilocaine is metabolized to ortho-toluidine, which oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin, particularly at high cumulative doses.

Question 5

Local anesthetics primarily prevent nerve impulse conduction by:

Accepted Answer

Blocking voltage-gated sodium channels

Answer

Local anesthetics bind to and block voltage-gated sodium channels, preventing sodium influx and stopping action potential propagation along the nerve.

(AGD) Academy of General Dentistry Certification Practice Test

(AGD) Academy of General Dentistry Certification Practice Test

AGD Dental Pharmacology 1