AEMCA Toxicology and Substance Abuse

Question 1

What is the antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose?

Accepted Answer

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

Answer

N-acetylcysteine replenishes hepatic glutathione stores and prevents the hepatotoxicity caused by the toxic acetaminophen metabolite NAPQI.

Question 2

A patient presents with pinpoint pupils, decreased respirations, and altered mental status. Which class of drugs is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Opioids

Answer

The classic opioid toxidrome includes miosis (pinpoint pupils), respiratory depression, and altered mental status — the life-threatening triad.

Question 3

Which is the first-line pharmacological treatment for organophosphate (pesticide) poisoning in the prehospital setting?

Accepted Answer

Atropine

Answer

Atropine blocks muscarinic receptors and reverses the excessive cholinergic secretions (SLUDGE signs) caused by organophosphate poisoning.

Question 4

What is the appropriate initial dose of naloxone for an adult with suspected opioid overdose?

Accepted Answer

0.4–2 mg IV/IM/IN titrated to effect

Answer

Naloxone is given at 0.4–2 mg via IV, IM, or intranasal routes and titrated to restore adequate ventilation without precipitating withdrawal.

Question 5

A patient presents with hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension, dilated pupils, and severe agitation. Which toxidrome best describes this presentation?

Accepted Answer

Sympathomimetic toxidrome

Answer

The sympathomimetic toxidrome, caused by cocaine or amphetamines, features hyperthermia, hypertension, tachycardia, mydriasis, and agitation from excess catecholamine activity.

AEMCA - Advanced Emergency Medical Care Assistant Practice Test

AEMCA - Advanced Emergency Medical Care Assistant Practice Test

AEMCA Toxicology and Substance Abuse