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Pediatric Emergencies Flashcards

7 cards from real AEMCA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Pediatric Emergencies flashcards as text

  1. A 10-month-old presents with a 3-day history of vomiting and diarrhea. Signs include sunken fontanelle, dry mucous membranes, absent tears, and capillary refill of 4 seconds. What level of dehydration does this represent?

    Answer: Severe (>10% body weight loss)

    Severe dehydration (>10% body weight loss) presents with multiple systemic signs including prolonged capillary refill, sunken fontanelle, and hemodynamic compromise.

  2. A 6-year-old is struck by a car. On assessment, you note absent breath sounds on the left, tracheal deviation to the right, distended neck veins, and hypotension. What intervention is immediately required?

    Answer: Needle thoracostomy on the left side at the second intercostal space, midclavicular line

    These findings are classic for tension pneumothorax; immediate needle decompression on the affected (left) side relieves the life-threatening pressure.

  3. Which of the following signs is most consistent with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in a pediatric trauma patient?

    Answer: Hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations (Cushing's triad)

    Cushing's triad (hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations) is a late and ominous sign of severely elevated ICP indicating impending herniation.

  4. A 4-year-old with a history of asthma presents with severe respiratory distress, diffuse wheezing, accessory muscle use, and SpO2 of 89%. After two albuterol treatments, minimal improvement is noted. What medication should be considered next?

    Answer: Ipratropium bromide nebulized

    Ipratropium bromide (an anticholinergic) is added to albuterol for moderate-to-severe pediatric asthma exacerbations unresponsive to initial beta-agonist therapy.

  5. When assessing the AVPU scale in a 2-year-old, the child responds only to painful stimuli by withdrawing. What AVPU level does this represent?

    Answer: Pain (P)

    Response only to painful stimuli places the child at the 'P' (Pain) level on the AVPU scale, indicating significant neurological compromise.

  6. A 12-year-old presents with productive cough, fever of 39.5°C, localized decreased breath sounds, and dullness to percussion at the right base. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Pneumonia with possible pleural effusion

    Fever, productive cough, dullness to percussion, and localized decreased breath sounds in a child strongly suggest pneumonia, potentially with a parapneumonic effusion.

  7. A 5-year-old is found unresponsive with pinpoint pupils, bradycardia, and excessive secretions after playing in a shed containing pesticides. What antidote is indicated?

    Answer: Atropine IV/IM followed by pralidoxime

    Organophosphate poisoning (SLUDGE/DUMBELS toxidrome) is treated with atropine to block muscarinic effects and pralidoxime (2-PAM) to reactivate acetylcholinesterase.