Free AEMCA MCQ Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: How long would it take to transport a patient on a M tank at 600 psi and 8 L/min of flow?
- 95.5 min
- Minimum of 20 min
- 24.5 min
- 19.5 min (Correct answer)
Correct answer: 19.5 min
Using the M-tank formula — (tank pressure x tank factor) / flow rate — with the M-cylinder factor of about 1.56 L/psi: (600 x 1.56) / 8 ≈ 936 / 8, giving approximately 19.5 minutes of usable transport time. The other values result from using the wrong tank factor or arithmetic, so 19.5 min is correct.
Question 2: Nitrogen narcosis: what is it?
- Used to treat hypertension, arrhythmia's, angina, CHF, glaucoma
- Occurs when new bone replaces old bone and with the use of gravity and deposits of calcium salts
- It is a short term beta 2 receptor agonist bronchi to expand in diameter thereby increasing lumen size
- Caused by breathing in compressed nitrogen which is toxic to the CNS and causes confusion, slow motor, response, and euphoria (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Caused by breathing in compressed nitrogen which is toxic to the CNS and causes confusion, slow motor, response, and euphoria
Nitrogen narcosis is caused by breathing compressed nitrogen at depth, where the raised partial pressure has a toxic, anaesthetic effect on the central nervous system, producing confusion, slowed motor response, and euphoria. The other options describe drug uses, bone remodelling, and a beta-2 bronchodilator — none of which relate to the effect of compressed nitrogen on the CNS.
Question 3: Which five questions need to be addressed during a death investigation?
- It is a chemical that is released at the end of an axon terminal that cross the synapse to carry a message to another cell
- Muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors
- a)who was the deceased <br> b) by what means did the death occur <br> c) where did the death occur <br> d) when did the death occur <br> e) how did the death occur (Correct answer)
- Occurs with steroid hormones were they have an effect on a specific target organ and are freely movable into the cell due to the lipid layer
Correct answer: a)who was the deceased <br> b) by what means did the death occur <br> c) where did the death occur <br> d) when did the death occur <br> e) how did the death occur
A death investigation must establish the five core facts: who the deceased was, by what means, where, when, and how the death occurred. These mirror the basic 'who, what, when, where, how' framework used to fully reconstruct the circumstances. The other options describe neurotransmitters, cholinergic receptors, and steroid hormone action, which are unrelated to death investigation.
Question 4: What is decompression sickness type 1?
- Caused by nitrogen bubbles collecting in the tissues and Causing puritis, Molting skin, and Skeletal muscle or Joint pain (Correct answer)
- Obese trunk, Muscle wasting, Moon shaped face, Purple striations on the trunk, Hyperglycemia, skin is thin and Bruises easy
- First starts with fever, dry coughing, sneezing, red watery eyes then within a 2 week period dry cough becomes wet and brings up thick stringy mucus
- Starts with a fever and then progresses to conjunctivitis , coryza, cough, and koplik spots on the buccal musosa
Correct answer: Caused by nitrogen bubbles collecting in the tissues and Causing puritis, Molting skin, and Skeletal muscle or Joint pain
Type 1 decompression sickness is the milder form, caused by nitrogen bubbles collecting in the skin, lymphatics, and musculoskeletal tissues, producing pruritus (itching), skin mottling/marbling, and joint or muscle pain ('the bends'). It spares vital organs, unlike Type 2 which affects the CNS, lungs, or heart. The wrong options describe Cushing's syndrome, pertussis, and measles.
Question 5: Which three stages make up trauma care?
- Package the proteins up and sends them to the correct locations in the cell
- Heart rate, Blood pressure. Breathing and controls vomiting's
- Throbbing headache with N/V, sensitivity to light or sound, the headache is usually worse on one side
- 1. Per incident <br> 2. Incident <br> 3. Post Incident (Correct answer)
Correct answer: 1. Per incident <br> 2. Incident <br> 3. Post Incident
Trauma care is organized around the timing of the event: pre-incident (preparation and prevention), incident (the actual response and care delivered), and post-incident (recovery, transport, and follow-up). This logical before/during/after progression structures the entire care continuum. The other options describe cellular processes, brainstem functions, and migraine symptoms.
Question 6: What leads to C-difficulties
- Use of certain antibiotics that allow levels of healthy gut bacteria to decrease (Correct answer)
- Process of bone formation when hyline cartilage is replaced and the bone grows and widens
- rhabdomyolysis caused from crush injury or seizures, pyelonephritis, placenta abruptio
- They are canals inside bone where they supply blood and nerve supply to surrounding bone osteocytes
Correct answer: Use of certain antibiotics that allow levels of healthy gut bacteria to decrease
C. difficile infection typically results from antibiotic use that wipes out normal protective gut flora, allowing C. difficile to overgrow and release toxins that cause colitis and diarrhea. The disruption of healthy bacterial balance is the key trigger. The other options describe bone ossification, causes of acute kidney injury, and Haversian/Volkmann's canals.
Question 7: Which neurotransmitter is in charge of sympathetic nervous system activity?
- afferent and efferent
- endorphins and enkephalins
- epinephrine and norepiephrine (Correct answer)
- salbutamol and terbutaline
Correct answer: epinephrine and norepiephrine
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the catecholamines that drive sympathetic ('fight or flight') activity, released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons (norepinephrine) and the adrenal medulla (both). The other options list nerve fiber types, endogenous opioids, and beta-agonist drugs, none of which are the primary sympathetic neurotransmitters.
Question 8: What is the loop diuretics' mode of action?
- To circulate fluid that protects, clears waste and move substances into brain cells
- Inhibits sodium and potassium re-absorption at the thick ascending limb of henle (Correct answer)
- Fatty tissue helps protect and keep the kidney in the right place
- Hormone that is released from the liver and stimulates RBC production
Correct answer: Inhibits sodium and potassium re-absorption at the thick ascending limb of henle
Loop diuretics act on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, where they inhibit the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, blocking reabsorption of sodium and potassium. This produces potent diuresis by keeping these electrolytes (and water) in the tubule. The other options describe CSF function, perirenal fat, and erythropoietin.
Question 9: Which thiazide diuretics are often used?
- Clean and without infection
- Inhibits aldosterone action
- Bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide (Correct answer)
- Rash, Joint pain, Sore Throat, Low fever
Correct answer: Bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide
Bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide are the commonly prescribed thiazide diuretics, widely used to manage hypertension. The other options describe an asepsis definition, the action of aldosterone antagonists (a different diuretic class), and serum sickness symptoms.
Question 10: Which two laws help you comprehend decompression sickness?
- Boyle law and Henry law (Correct answer)
- Minor injuries and patient is usually is ambulatory
- Pulmonary system and Renal system
- Structural and metabolic
Correct answer: Boyle law and Henry law
Decompression sickness is explained by Boyle's law (gas volume increases as pressure decreases) and Henry's law (the amount of gas dissolved in liquid is proportional to pressure). Together they explain why dissolved nitrogen forms bubbles as ambient pressure drops during ascent. The other options refer to triage, body systems, and types of injuries.
Question 11: How does cor pulmonale develop in a patient with chronic bronchitis?
- The disease leads to chronic high CO2 levels in the blood which trigger pulmonary vasoconstriction which puts extra pressure on the right side of the heart to work (Correct answer)
- The peritubular capillaries reabsorb minerals from the renal tubule such as glucose, ions, water, amino acids
- Low V/Q mismatch - decrease in ventilation compared to profusion due to the body trying to compensate by increasing the heart rate and decreasing ventilation
- a) under police authority b) under Dr. authority c) pt in ambulance becomes violent en route
Correct answer: The disease leads to chronic high CO2 levels in the blood which trigger pulmonary vasoconstriction which puts extra pressure on the right side of the heart to work
In chronic bronchitis, impaired gas exchange causes chronic hypercapnia (high CO2) and hypoxia, which trigger pulmonary vasoconstriction. This raises pulmonary arterial pressure, forcing the right ventricle to work harder and eventually leading to right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale). The other options describe tubular reabsorption, V/Q mismatch, and exemptions from medical directives.
Free AEMCA MCQ Questions and Answers
How long would it take to transport a patient on a M tank at 600 psi and 8 L/min of flow?