MCQ Flashcards

How long would it take to transport a patient on a M tank at 600 psi and 8 L/min of flow?

Answer: 19.5 min

Using the M-tank formula — (tank pressure x tank factor) / flow rate — with the M-cylinder factor of about 1.56 L/psi: (600 x 1.56) / 8 ≈ 936 / 8, giving approximately 19.5 minutes of usable transport time. The other values result from using the wrong tank factor or arithmetic, so 19.5 min is correct.

Nitrogen narcosis: what is it?

Answer: Caused by breathing in compressed nitrogen which is toxic to the CNS and causes confusion, slow motor, response, and euphoria

Nitrogen narcosis is caused by breathing compressed nitrogen at depth, where the raised partial pressure has a toxic, anaesthetic effect on the central nervous system, producing confusion, slowed motor response, and euphoria. The other options describe drug uses, bone remodelling, and a beta-2 bronchodilator — none of which relate to the effect of compressed nitrogen on the CNS.

Which five questions need to be addressed during a death investigation?

Answer: a)who was the deceased b) by what means did the death occur c) where did the death occur d) when did the death occur e) how did the death occur

A death investigation must establish the five core facts: who the deceased was, by what means, where, when, and how the death occurred. These mirror the basic 'who, what, when, where, how' framework used to fully reconstruct the circumstances. The other options describe neurotransmitters, cholinergic receptors, and steroid hormone action, which are unrelated to death investigation.

What is decompression sickness type 1?

Answer: Caused by nitrogen bubbles collecting in the tissues and Causing puritis, Molting skin, and Skeletal muscle or Joint pain

Type 1 decompression sickness is the milder form, caused by nitrogen bubbles collecting in the skin, lymphatics, and musculoskeletal tissues, producing pruritus (itching), skin mottling/marbling, and joint or muscle pain ('the bends'). It spares vital organs, unlike Type 2 which affects the CNS, lungs, or heart. The wrong options describe Cushing's syndrome, pertussis, and measles.

Which three stages make up trauma care?

Answer: 1. Per incident 2. Incident 3. Post Incident

Trauma care is organized around the timing of the event: pre-incident (preparation and prevention), incident (the actual response and care delivered), and post-incident (recovery, transport, and follow-up). This logical before/during/after progression structures the entire care continuum. The other options describe cellular processes, brainstem functions, and migraine symptoms.

What leads to C-difficulties

Answer: Use of certain antibiotics that allow levels of healthy gut bacteria to decrease

C. difficile infection typically results from antibiotic use that wipes out normal protective gut flora, allowing C. difficile to overgrow and release toxins that cause colitis and diarrhea. The disruption of healthy bacterial balance is the key trigger. The other options describe bone ossification, causes of acute kidney injury, and Haversian/Volkmann's canals.

Which neurotransmitter is in charge of sympathetic nervous system activity?

Answer: epinephrine and norepiephrine

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the catecholamines that drive sympathetic ('fight or flight') activity, released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons (norepinephrine) and the adrenal medulla (both). The other options list nerve fiber types, endogenous opioids, and beta-agonist drugs, none of which are the primary sympathetic neurotransmitters.

What is the loop diuretics' mode of action?

Answer: Inhibits sodium and potassium re-absorption at the thick ascending limb of henle

Loop diuretics act on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, where they inhibit the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, blocking reabsorption of sodium and potassium. This produces potent diuresis by keeping these electrolytes (and water) in the tubule. The other options describe CSF function, perirenal fat, and erythropoietin.

Which thiazide diuretics are often used?

Answer: Bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide

Bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide are the commonly prescribed thiazide diuretics, widely used to manage hypertension. The other options describe an asepsis definition, the action of aldosterone antagonists (a different diuretic class), and serum sickness symptoms.

Which two laws help you comprehend decompression sickness?

Answer: Boyle law and Henry law

Decompression sickness is explained by Boyle's law (gas volume increases as pressure decreases) and Henry's law (the amount of gas dissolved in liquid is proportional to pressure). Together they explain why dissolved nitrogen forms bubbles as ambient pressure drops during ascent. The other options refer to triage, body systems, and types of injuries.

How does cor pulmonale develop in a patient with chronic bronchitis?

Answer: The disease leads to chronic high CO2 levels in the blood which trigger pulmonary vasoconstriction which puts extra pressure on the right side of the heart to work

In chronic bronchitis, impaired gas exchange causes chronic hypercapnia (high CO2) and hypoxia, which trigger pulmonary vasoconstriction. This raises pulmonary arterial pressure, forcing the right ventricle to work harder and eventually leading to right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale). The other options describe tubular reabsorption, V/Q mismatch, and exemptions from medical directives.