ACSM-EP Anatomy & Physiology 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The biceps femoris is a member of which muscle group?
- Quadriceps
- Hip flexors
- Hamstrings (Correct answer)
- Adductors
Correct answer: Hamstrings
The biceps femoris, along with the semitendinosus and semimembranosus, forms the hamstring muscle group at the posterior thigh.
Question 2: Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi tendon organ (GTO)?
- Detects muscle length changes
- Responds to muscle tension to inhibit contraction (Correct answer)
- Regulates joint proprioception only
- Accelerates motor unit recruitment
Correct answer: Responds to muscle tension to inhibit contraction
GTOs sense excessive muscle tension and trigger autogenic inhibition, causing the contracting muscle to relax as a protective mechanism.
Question 3: Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
- Pulmonary vein
- Aorta
- Pulmonary artery (Correct answer)
- Coronary artery
Correct answer: Pulmonary artery
The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood, transporting it from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Question 4: Type II alveolar cells in the lungs produce which substance critical for normal breathing?
- Mucus
- Surfactant (Correct answer)
- Bicarbonate
- Hemoglobin
Correct answer: Surfactant
Type II pneumocytes secrete pulmonary surfactant, which reduces alveolar surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse.
Question 5: Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?
- Sagittal plane
- Transverse plane
- Frontal (coronal) plane (Correct answer)
- Oblique plane
Correct answer: Frontal (coronal) plane
The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.
Question 6: The primary fuel source for high-intensity, short-duration exercise lasting 10-30 seconds is:
- Aerobic fatty acid oxidation
- Phosphocreatine and glycolysis (Correct answer)
- Gluconeogenesis
- Beta-oxidation
Correct answer: Phosphocreatine and glycolysis
Short, intense efforts rely on the phosphagen system (ATP-PC) and rapid glycolysis to regenerate ATP quickly without oxygen.
Question 7: Which structure connects a muscle to bone?
- Ligament
- Fascia
- Tendon (Correct answer)
- Aponeurosis
Correct answer: Tendon
Tendons are dense connective tissue structures that transmit force from contracting muscles to the bones they move.
ACSM-EP Anatomy & Physiology 4
The biceps femoris is a member of which muscle group?