ACSM-EP Anatomy & Physiology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts rightward in response to which condition?
- Decreased temperature
- Decreased CO2 partial pressure
- Increased pH
- Increased 2,3-DPG (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Increased 2,3-DPG
Increased 2,3-DPG, along with decreased pH, increased CO2, and increased temperature, shifts the curve right, promoting O2 unloading to tissues.
Question 2: Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
- Femur
- Humerus
- Sternum (Correct answer)
- Clavicle
Correct answer: Sternum
The sternum is part of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
Question 3: Muscle spindles primarily detect changes in which property of skeletal muscle?
- Muscle tension
- Muscle length and rate of length change (Correct answer)
- Metabolite accumulation
- Temperature
Correct answer: Muscle length and rate of length change
Muscle spindles (intrafusal fibers) are stretch receptors sensitive to changes in muscle length and the velocity of that length change.
Question 4: The left ventricle pumps blood into which vessel?
- Pulmonary artery
- Superior vena cava
- Aorta (Correct answer)
- Pulmonary vein
Correct answer: Aorta
The left ventricle ejects oxygenated blood into the aorta for systemic circulation.
Question 5: Which type of cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of synovial joints?
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage (Correct answer)
- Calcified cartilage
Correct answer: Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage provides a smooth, low-friction surface on the articulating ends of bones in synovial joints.
Question 6: Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood calcium levels in conjunction with vitamin D?
- Aldosterone
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Correct answer)
- Cortisol
- Insulin
Correct answer: Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption, kidney reabsorption, and vitamin D activation.
Question 7: During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves in which direction?
- Superiorly
- Laterally
- Inferiorly (Correct answer)
- Posteriorly
Correct answer: Inferiorly
Diaphragm contraction causes it to flatten and descend inferiorly, increasing thoracic volume and drawing air into the lungs.
ACSM-EP Anatomy & Physiology 3
The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts rightward in response to which condition?