ACBN Research & Evidence-Based Practice 3

Question 1

A nutritionist calculates the number needed to treat (NNT) for a dietary fiber intervention to prevent one case of type 2 diabetes. An NNT of 20 means:

Accepted Answer

20 people must be treated to prevent one additional case

Answer

NNT indicates how many patients must receive the intervention for one patient to benefit, compared to the control condition.

Question 2

Which dietary assessment method has the highest risk of recall bias?

Accepted Answer

Food frequency questionnaire for the past year

Answer

Food frequency questionnaires asking about the past year require participants to recall habitual diet over a long period, maximizing recall bias.

Question 3

In nutrition research, the 'doubly labeled water' method is considered a gold standard for measuring:

Accepted Answer

Total energy expenditure

Answer

Doubly labeled water measures CO2 production via isotope elimination rates, providing an objective measure of total energy expenditure.

Question 4

Regression to the mean in nutrition intervention studies refers to:

Accepted Answer

Extreme values at baseline tending to move closer to average on re-measurement

Answer

Regression to the mean occurs when participants with extreme initial values naturally trend toward the population average on subsequent measurement, independent of any intervention.

Question 5

A cohort study follows 5,000 adults for 10 years and finds that those eating >3 servings of whole grains daily had a relative risk of 0.65 for cardiovascular disease. This means:

Accepted Answer

Whole grain eaters had 35% lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to non-consumers

Answer

A relative risk of 0.65 means the exposed group has 65% of the risk of the unexposed group, representing a 35% relative risk reduction.

ACBN - Nutritionist Exam Practice Test

ACBN - Nutritionist Exam Practice Test

ACBN Research & Evidence-Based Practice 3