ACBN ACBN Nutrition Science Fundamentals 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which macronutrient provides 4 kcal per gram and serves as the primary energy source for the brain?
- Carbohydrates (Correct answer)
- Protein
- Fat
- Alcohol
Correct answer: Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/g and glucose derived from them is the preferred fuel for brain function.
Question 2: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein in healthy adults is approximately:
- 0.8 g/kg body weight/day (Correct answer)
- 1.5 g/kg body weight/day
- 0.4 g/kg body weight/day
- 2.0 g/kg body weight/day
Correct answer: 0.8 g/kg body weight/day
The RDA for protein in healthy adults is 0.8 g/kg body weight per day as established by the DRI.
Question 3: Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation?
- Vitamin D (Correct answer)
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
Correct answer: Vitamin D
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol when exposed to UVB radiation.
Question 4: The process by which fatty acids are broken down to produce acetyl-CoA for energy is called:
- Beta-oxidation (Correct answer)
- Lipogenesis
- Glycolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
Correct answer: Beta-oxidation
Beta-oxidation is the metabolic pathway in the mitochondria that sequentially cleaves two-carbon units from fatty acid chains.
Question 5: Which mineral is a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions and is found abundantly in nuts and whole grains?
- Magnesium (Correct answer)
- Calcium
- Iron
- Zinc
Correct answer: Magnesium
Magnesium serves as a cofactor in over 300 enzyme systems and is particularly abundant in nuts, seeds, and whole grains.
Question 6: The thermic effect of food (TEF) accounts for approximately what percentage of total daily energy expenditure?
- 10% (Correct answer)
- 25%
- 5%
- 40%
Correct answer: 10%
TEF typically accounts for about 10% of total daily energy expenditure, representing the energy cost of digesting and metabolizing food.
ACBN ACBN Nutrition Science Fundamentals 1
Which macronutrient provides 4 kcal per gram and serves as the primary energy source for the brain?