ABPath Pathology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A patient with chronic gastroesophageal reflux develops columnar epithelium with goblet cells in the distal esophagus. This is termed?
- Barrett esophagus (Correct answer)
- Squamous metaplasia
- Esophageal varices
- Achalasia
Correct answer: Barrett esophagus
Barrett esophagus is intestinal metaplasia of the esophageal lining, a risk factor for adenocarcinoma.
Question 2: Which cellular adaptation refers to an increase in the SIZE of individual cells, as seen in cardiac muscle under hypertension?
- Hypertrophy (Correct answer)
- Hyperplasia
- Atrophy
- Metaplasia
Correct answer: Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is enlargement of cells; cardiac myocytes cannot divide so they enlarge.
Question 3: The presence of Auer rods in a bone marrow aspirate is diagnostic of which condition?
- Acute myeloid leukemia (Correct answer)
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Aplastic anemia
Correct answer: Acute myeloid leukemia
Auer rods are needle-like azurophilic granules found in myeloblasts of AML.
Question 4: Amyloid deposits appear apple-green birefringent under polarized light when stained with?
- Congo red (Correct answer)
- Hematoxylin and eosin
- Silver stain
- Oil red O
Correct answer: Congo red
Congo red stain produces the characteristic apple-green birefringence of amyloid.
Question 5: Which of the following is a benign tumor of smooth muscle commonly arising in the uterus?
- Leiomyoma (Correct answer)
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Rhabdomyoma
- Lipoma
Correct answer: Leiomyoma
A leiomyoma (fibroid) is a benign smooth-muscle tumor of the myometrium.
Question 6: In acute inflammation, which leukocyte is typically the FIRST to arrive at the site of injury?
- Neutrophil (Correct answer)
- Lymphocyte
- Plasma cell
- Eosinophil
Correct answer: Neutrophil
Neutrophils are the predominant early responders in acute inflammation.
Question 7: A germ-cell tumor of the ovary containing hair, teeth, and sebaceous material is best classified as a?
- Mature cystic teratoma (Correct answer)
- Serous cystadenoma
- Granulosa cell tumor
- Brenner tumor
Correct answer: Mature cystic teratoma
A mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst) contains tissues from all three germ layers.
ABPath Pathology 3
A patient with chronic gastroesophageal reflux develops columnar epithelium with goblet cells in the distal esophagus.
This is termed?